One of the most distinctive and appealing culinary cultures in the world is that of beautiful Vietnam. There are many unique and exotic dishes that you won’t know about unless you try them, and the world needs to explore them more. Below is a list of the top 40 traditional Vietnamese dishes you must try.
I. What makes traditional Vietnamese dishes so special?
Vietnamese cuisine is a harmonious blend of flavors, ingredients, and cultural elements that set it apart from other culinary traditions around the world. Each dish tells a story of Vietnam’s rich history, vibrant culture, and the Vietnamese people’s love for balance and fresh flavors.
The main factors that make Vietnamese cuisine stand out include the balance of flavors, fresh ingredients, and the influence of culture and history.
1. The perfect balance of flavors
One of the most notable features of traditional Vietnamese dishes is the balance of flavors. Every dish harmonizes the five basic tastes: sour, spicy, salty, sweet, and bitter, to create a perfect blend that delights all the senses. For example:
• Sourness comes from lime, tamarind, or vinegar.
• Spiciness is added through chili or pepper.
• Saltiness comes from fish sauce, soy sauce, or salt.
• Sweetness is complemented by sugar, coconut milk, or natural sweetness from ingredients like fruits.
• Bitterness often comes from herbs or green vegetables.
This balance reflects the yin-yang philosophy in Vietnamese cooking, ensuring that every meal is not only delicious but also healthy.
2. Fresh and Healthy Ingredients
Vietnamese cuisine places great emphasis on using fresh, seasonal ingredients, usually sourced locally, and minimal use of frozen food. The focus on freshness and balance makes Vietnamese cuisine not only tasty but also one of the healthiest in the world.
• Herbs like coriander, basil, mint, and perilla add fragrance and flavor to dishes.
• Fresh vegetables such as lettuce, bean sprouts, cucumbers, and carrots complement main dishes.
• Protein-rich foods, such as fish, pork, chicken, shrimp, a variety of seafood, and beef, are used, with minimal reliance on oils and frozen ingredients.
• Rice, the staple food, forms the base for countless dishes, from plain rice, noodles, to rice paper rolls.
3. Influence from Culture and History
Traditional Vietnamese dishes are deeply connected with the culture and history of the country, making each dish a reflection of regional diversity and historical periods:
• The northern region, influenced by China, is known for its lighter flavors and simple cooking methods.
• The central region, rich in royal cuisine, features spicy and intricate dishes like bun bo Hue and banh xeo.
• The southern region, influenced by tropical agriculture and trade, brings sweeter and richer flavors through dishes like com tam and hu tieu. Additionally, the French colonial period left a mark on Vietnamese cuisine, seen in dishes like bánh mì (baguette sandwiches) and iced coffee.
Vietnamese cuisine is not just a meal; it is an experience that reflects the way of life, love for nature, and respect for traditions. From the delicate balance of flavors to the freshness of ingredients and deep cultural roots, it’s easy to see why Vietnamese food has captured the hearts of food lovers around the world.
Let’s dive into some of the best traditional Vietnamese dishes that capture these characteristics.
II. Top traditional Vietnamese dishes you must try
The prominent dishes that reflect the culture and history of Vietnam include: Pho, Cha ca, Banh xeo, Bun cha, Bun mam, Banh khot, nem ran, goi cuon, etc.
1. Pho
In Vietnam’s bustling cities, it’s hard to go far without encountering a lively crowd savoring bowls of pho at a humble street-side stall. This iconic dish, made with a fragrant broth, silky rice noodles, fresh herbs, and tender slices of chicken or beef, holds a special place in the hearts and daily routines of locals. Affordable, flavorful, and accessible around the clock, pho has become a quintessential part of Vietnamese cuisine. Where to try: Pho Thin, 13 Lo Duc, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi.
2. Banh xeo
A perfect banh xeo is a golden, crispy Vietnamese pancake generously stuffed with pork, shrimp, and bean sprouts, paired with a vibrant assortment of fresh herbs—a signature touch of authentic Vietnamese cuisine. To savor it like a true local, slice the crepe into bite-sized portions, wrap it in lettuce or rice paper, and dip it into the chef’s unique, flavorful sauce.
One of the popular traditional Vietnamese dishes to try banh xeo is Banh Xeo 46A on Dinh Cong Trang Street in Ho Chi Minh City’s District 1. While opinions on the restaurant vary, the nightly crowds flocking there are a testament to its enduring appeal.
3. Cha ca
In Hanoi, cha ca is held in such high regard that an entire street in the capital is named after this iconic dish. On Cha Ca Street, the legendary Cha Ca La Vong restaurant has become famous for its sizzling fish, perfectly seasoned with turmeric, garlic, ginger, and dill, served right at your table on a hot skillet.
While Cha Ca La Vong is steeped in history and remains popular, its high prices and brusque service often leave diners underwhelmed. For a more budget-friendly yet equally flavorful experience, head to Duong Thanh Street in Hoan Kiem District, where you’ll discover a variety of eateries offering delicious cha ca without the hefty price tag.
4. Rau muong (Water Spinach)
Often referred to as “river weed,” rau muong is a beloved vegetable in Vietnamese cuisine, commonly served stir-fried with garlic. Despite its humble origins, this dish has won the hearts of locals, appearing frequently in Vietnamese restaurants and beer gardens. The fresh, crisp texture of the water spinach combined with the intense flavor of garlic makes it a perfect accompaniment to a cold drink or a hearty meal.
Where to try: Chung Den Bia Hoi, 18B Hang Cot, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi.
5. Cao lau
The other traditional Vietnamese dishes: Soft, crunchy, sweet, spicy. Try Morning Glory, 106 Nguyen Thai Hoc, Hoi An
A unique dish from Hoi An, Cao lau is a perfect fusion of flavors influenced by the diverse cultures that once thrived in this ancient trading port. The dish features thick, chewy noodles similar to Japanese udon, crispy wonton crackers, and savory pork, all topped with fresh herbs. The key to authentic cao lau is the use of water sourced from the local Ba Le well, which gives the broth its distinctive taste.
6. Goi cuon
A healthier choice for spring roll fans.
For those seeking a healthier alternative to fried snacks, goi cuon or fresh spring rolls offer a light yet satisfying choice. These translucent rolls are stuffed with crisp vegetables, meat or seafood, and a sprinkle of fresh coriander. The rolls are tightly wrapped and typically dipped in a savory fish sauce, making them a refreshing and wholesome option after indulging in heavier fried dishes.
Where to try: Quan An Ngon, 18 Phan Boi Chau, Hoan Kiem district, Hanoi.
7. Nem ran/cha gio
While goi cuon may be the healthier option, Vietnam’s fried spring rolls, known as nem ran in the north and cha gio in the south, are a must-try for those craving something crispy and indulgent. These bite-sized rolls feature a crunchy outer shell with a soft filling of meat, vegetables, and spices. Often dipped in a tangy dipping sauce, these crispy parcels are the perfect appetizer before a main course.
Where to try: Bun Cha, 1 Hang Manh, Hoan Kiem district, Hanoi
8. Banh khot
Banh khot is one of the traditional Vietnamese dishes. They are mini pancakes packed with the same delicious ingredients as the larger banh xeo, but in bite-sized portions. These crispy pancakes are made with coconut milk and typically filled with shrimp, mung beans, and spring onions. Topped with dried shrimp flakes, they offer a delightful crunch in every bite. Perfect for a snack or a small meal, these pancakes are an iconic treat for anyone visiting Vietnam.
Where to try: Co Ba Vung Tau, 59B Cao Thang, District 3, HCMC
9. Bun bo Hue
A rich, flavorful noodle soup from Central Vietnam, bun bo Hue is a carnivore’s dream. The hearty broth is packed with beef and pork, complemented by thick, slippery rice noodles that provide a more substantial meal than the lighter noodles found in other regions. While originally from Hue, this dish has spread throughout Vietnam, and you can find it in Ho Chi Minh City as well.
Where to try: Best cities for street food – Ho Chi Minh City and 22 others
10. Nom hoa chuoi
Nom hoa chuoi, a banana flower salad, is far from your typical leafy green dish. The thick purple buds of the banana flower are peeled and sliced thinly, then combined with green papaya, carrots, cilantro, chicken, and a generous pour of salty fish sauce. The salad is topped with crunchy peanuts, creating a vibrant and flavorful dish that packs a punch..
Where to try: Highway 4 restaurant, 3 Hang Tre, Hoan Kiem district, Hanoi
11. Bun bo Nam Bo
A favorite noodle dish among locals and visitors alike in Vietnam. This is one of the traditional Vietnamese dishes.
Unlike its broth-based counterparts, this dish features dry noodles, allowing the ingredients to maintain their textures. Thinly sliced beef combines with crunchy peanuts and bean sprouts, all topped with fresh herbs, crispy fried shallots, and a splash of savory fish sauce, with a hint of chili heat for extra flavor.
12. Ga tan
Feeling under the weather? Try Ga tan, a herbal chicken broth that serves as Vietnam’s version of a comforting soup. While it might not resemble the traditional chicken noodle soup you’re used to, with its herbal green hue and hearty chunks of chicken, it’s an excellent remedy when you’re in need of a soothing Vietnamese cure.
You can sample this dish at local street vendors along Hanoi’s Tong Duy Tan, also known as “Food Street” in Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, or visit 67 Hang Dieu in the same area.
13. Hoa Qua Dam (Mixed Tropical Fruit Salad)
Hoa qua dam is a refreshing, tropical fruit salad that’s the perfect antidote to the scorching heat of a Vietnamese summer. Typically served in a cup, this vibrant mix of fresh, juicy fruit comes with a base of shaved ice for a cooler, lighter option. However, for those craving something sweeter, a drizzle of condensed milk turns this treat into a decadent dessert. It’s a flavorful and cooling alternative to traditional ice cream, offering a healthy (and not-so-healthy) indulgence.
14. Pho Cuon (Pho Rolls)
Pho cuon is a unique fusion dish that combines the rich flavors of Vietnam’s iconic pho with the fresh, light texture of goi cuon (spring rolls). In this Hanoi variation, fresh pho noodles are used as wrappers for fried beef, crisp lettuce, herbs, and cucumber, creating a delightful balance of texture and flavor. It’s a great alternative to the traditional Vietnamese dishes and makes for a satisfying snack or meal on the go.
Where to try: 26 Nguyen Khac Hieu, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi.
15. Pho Xao (Stir-Fried Pho Noodles)
Pho xao is a clever twist on the classic pho, turning the beloved noodle dish into a stir-fry. The key is in the texture of the noodles: unlike the softer, slippery pho served in soup, these stir-fried noodles have a slightly crunchy exterior with a chewy, glutinous center. Seasoned with chili or soy sauce, and often topped with a fried egg, pho xao is a satisfying and hearty option for those looking for something different.
Where to try: 26 Nguyen Khac Sieu, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi.
16. Ga Nuong (Grilled Chicken)
Forget KFC—Vietnamese grilled chicken is a must-try, and it’s leagues above fast food. The chicken, marinated in honey and grilled over open flames, is tender with a crisp, golden skin that’s perfectly charred without being dry. The smoky aroma and tender meat make it a deliciously satisfying meal that outshines anything from a fast food joint.
Where to try: Viet Ha, Ly Van Phuc, Dong Da District, Hanoi.
17. Bo La Lot (Beef Wrapped in Betel Leaves)
In Vietnam, the art of wrapping food is taken to a whole new level with bo la lot, where ground beef is wrapped in fragrant betel leaves and grilled to perfection. The result is a dish with a unique smoky flavor, where the peppery notes of the betel leaf infuse into the tender meat. Bo la lot is one of the traditional Vietnamese dishes and is typically served with rice paper and fresh herbs, offering a deliciously aromatic bite.
Where to try: 3T Quan Nuong, 29-31 Ton That Thiep, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City.
18. Ca Phe Trung (Egg Coffee)
Vietnam’s ca phe trung, or egg coffee, is a rich, creamy drink that veers into dessert territory. A thick layer of meringue-like egg white foam sits atop a strong cup of Vietnamese coffee, creating a heavenly combination of sweetness and bitterness. This indulgent treat is perfect for those looking for something extra-special. In Hanoi, you can enjoy this drink with an unbeatable view of Hoan Kiem Lake by following a hidden alley to a cozy café.
Where to try: 11 Hang Gai, Hanoi (up several flights of stairs to enjoy a scenic view of the lake).
19. Banh cuon (Vietnamese Rolled Pancakes)
Banh cuon is a delicious dish made from soft, delicate rice flour pancakes that are rolled up and filled with a savory mixture of minced pork and mushrooms. These pancakes are best enjoyed fresh and hot, allowing the flavors to meld together. To elevate the taste, the rolls are dipped in a tangy fish sauce, adding a burst of zest that perfectly complements the savory filling. It’s a dish that’s light yet satisfying, offering a balanced flavor profile in each bite.
Where to try: Available throughout Hanoi and other regions, often served in local eateries.
20. Xoi (Sticky Rice)
With traditional Vietnamese dishes, xôi (sticky rice) is more than just a side dish—it’s a meal in itself. The glutinous rice is cooked to perfection, often mixed with a variety of ingredients like slices of chicken, pork, or fried eggs. Topped with crispy fried shallots for an extra layer of flavor, xôi is a comforting, filling dish enjoyed by locals at any time of day. Its versatility makes it a go-to breakfast or snack, and it’s often served with a warm, savory topping or sauce to enhance the taste.
Where to try: Xôi Yến, Nguyen Huu Huan, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi.
21. Banh bot chien (Fried Rice Flour Cake)
Banh bot chien is a popular Vietnamese street food, especially in Ho Chi Minh City. Chunks of rice flour dough are fried to golden perfection, and then mixed with a fresh egg, creating a savory treat loved by locals and visitors alike. The crispy exterior is complemented by a tender interior, and the dish is typically served with slices of green papaya, shallots, and green onions. The final touch is a tangy sauce made from pickled chili and rice vinegar, giving it an irresistible kick.
Where to try: Vendors at Pham Ngu Lao and Cong Quynh, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City.
22. Ca tim kho to (Braised Eggplant)
Eggplant might not be the most exciting vegetable on its own, but when braised in a clay pot with tomatoes, soy sauce, and sugar, it becomes a flavorful, comforting dish. Ca tim kho to is one of the traditional Vietnamese dishes, is a perfect example of how simple ingredients can be transformed into a delicious meal. Often, minced meat is added to the dish, further enhancing its richness and depth of flavor. The soft, braised eggplant absorbs all the savory flavors, making it a standout dish.
Where to try: Pineapple Restaurant, 35 Hang Buom, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi.
23. Banh goi (Vietnamese Fried Dumplings)
Banh goi are deep-fried dumplings that are often compared to Cornish pasties or samosas, though the filling is distinctly different. Inside the golden, crispy exterior, you’ll find a savory mixture of finely minced pork, mushrooms, and vermicelli noodles. This combination creates a hearty yet light snack that’s perfect for any time of day. With its crispy, flavorful filling, banh goi is a must-try Vietnamese comfort food.
Where to try: Available at many street food stalls across Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
24. Bun dau mam tom (Tofu and Noodles with Fermented Shrimp Paste)
Bun dau mam tom is one of the traditional Vietnamese dishes, is a simple yet deeply flavorful dish featuring deep-fried tofu and rice noodles, accompanied by mam tom —a pungent purple shrimp paste that gives the dish its distinct flavor.
The fermented shrimp paste, often likened to Vegemite, is a crucial part of the dish, adding a bold umami kick that pairs perfectly with the soft tofu and slippery noodles. It’s an acquired taste, but one that locals swear by.
25. Chao (Vietnamese Rice Porridge)
Chao is Vietnam’s answer to rice porridge, a comforting dish perfect for when you’re feeling under the weather or craving something warm and soothing. The porridge is thick and creamy, often served with added protein like chicken, fish, beef, duck, or pork ribs, making it a complete meal. Fresh herbs and shallots are sprinkled on top to add freshness and balance out the rich, comforting texture.
Where to try: Cháo Cá, 213 Hang Bong, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi.
26. Com suon nuong (Grilled Pork with Broken Rice)
Com suon nuong is the Saigon equivalent of bún chả, but with rice instead of noodles. Grilled pork, marinated to perfection and cooked over a hot charcoal grill, imparts a smoky flavor that complements the fluffy com (broken rice). The grilled pork is tender and juicy, and when paired with the rice, it creates a satisfying meal that’s both filling and flavorful.
Where to try: Com Tam Cali, 32 Nguyen Trai, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City.
27. Hat de nong (Roasted Chestnuts)
As the cool breeze begins to sweep through the streets, hat de nong (roasted chestnuts) become a popular snack for locals and visitors alike. The sweet, nutty aroma of chestnuts roasting over an open fire is irresistible, evoking a sense of warmth and nostalgia. Often sold by street vendors, these chestnuts are perfect for a quick snack while wandering the streets of Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City.
Where to try: Available at street vendors throughout Vietnam, particularly in cooler months.
28. Bo luc lac (Shaking Beef)
Bo luc lac, one of the traditional Vietnamese dishes, is called “shaking beef,” is a dish where cubes of beef are tossed in a hot wok with garlic, pepper, and vegetables, creating a flavorful and aromatic dish. Despite the name, the beef isn’t actually shaken, but the cooking technique involves stirring and tossing to achieve a perfect sear. The result is tender beef with a crispy edge, enhanced by the bold flavors of the seasoning and the wok’s heat.
Where to try: Nha Hang Ngon, 160 Pasteur, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City.
29. Bun cha (Grilled Pork with Noodles)
Bún chả is a quintessential Hanoi dish that’s ideal for a hearty lunch. Small patties of seasoned pork and slices of marinated pork belly are grilled over charcoal, giving them a deliciously smoky flavor. Served with a sweet and tangy fish sauce broth, rice noodles, and a basket of fresh herbs, it’s a dish that’s both refreshing and satisfying. It’s a local favorite that’s simple yet packed with flavor.
Where to try: 1 Hang Manh, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi.
30. Banh uot thit nuong (Grilled Pork in Rice Paper Rolls)
In Central Vietnam, banh uot thit nuong is a popular snack or appetizer. The grilled pork is marinated with a blend of sugar, salt, chili, lemongrass, and fish sauce, creating a sweet and savory flavor profile. The pork is then wrapped in fresh rice paper with cilantro, basil, and mint, adding a burst of freshness. It’s a dish that balances smoky, savory, and herbal flavors in every bite.
Where to try: Morning Glory, 106 Nguyen Thai Hoc, Hoi An.
31. Lẩu
Lẩu, one of the traditional Vietnamese dishes, is all about sharing and diving into a large, bubbling pot brimming with various ingredients. It’s a flexible dish, allowing for an assortment of proteins like beef, chicken, and even frogs to be added, although sticking to one main protein generally yields the best results. Whether you enjoy tofu, seafood, or meat, the rich broth and fresh herbs combine for a delicious communal experience. In Hanoi, especially around Trúc Bạch Lake, you’ll often see restaurant staff crossing the street to deliver steaming bowls of lẩu to lakeside diners.
32. Banh mi (Bread)
Arguably one of Vietnam’s most iconic foods, the bánh mì is a French-influenced baguette sandwich that has evolved into a Vietnamese classic. In the north, it stays simple with basic fillings like pâté, margarine, and cured meats, while southern versions get more adventurous with layers of cheese, cold cuts, fresh herbs, chili, and even fried eggs. The sandwich’s versatility is key to its fame, making it a favorite in both northern and southern Vietnam. One of the best spots for this treat in Saigon is near the Cherry Mini-Mart on Đỗ Quang Đạo, District 1.
33. Com rang
Fried rice is a comforting and familiar dish, and in Vietnam, it’s often done right with just the right balance of moisture and smokiness. The rice is stir-fried with colorful vegetables and a choice of meat, such as chicken or pork, seasoned with soy sauce and fish sauce. The result is a satisfying, slightly crispy dish that’s perfect for any meal, often enjoyed with a cold Bia Hanoi on the side. In Hanoi, you can find some of the best versions on Tong Duy Tan, known as “Food Street”.
34. Che
Che or Chè, one of the traditional Vietnamese dishes, is a refreshing dessert perfect for a hot day. Served in a bowl or glass, this sweet treat is a colorful blend of bean jelly, coconut milk, fruit, and ice. It’s the ideal option when you’re craving something sweet and cool in the heat of Saigon, offering a light and refreshing end to your meal.
35. Com chay or Cơm cháy
Cơm cháy in Vietnam refers to two things: one, crispy rice dishes, often enjoyed by children, and two, the vegetarian cuisine popular in Buddhist restaurants. The crispy rice version is often paired with meat, providing a savory twist compared to its sweet American counterpart. At Hoa Dang vegetarian restaurant in District 1, HCMC or Ninh Binh City you’ll find an array of dishes made with mock meats, some of which are surprisingly close to the real deal—though be cautious of creations like rubbery fake snails!
36. Dau phu sot ca chua or Đậu phụ sốt cà chua
In this dish, tofu is deep-fried until golden and then coated in a rich, tangy tomato sauce mixed with spring onions and herbs. It’s a simple but flavorful vegetarian dish that highlights tofu’s versatility, balancing savory and tangy flavors in every bite. A popular choice at Chim Sao in Hanoi, this dish is a comforting option for those craving something light yet satisfying.
37. Mi xao bo or mì xào bò
One of the quick and flavorful stir-fried noodle traditional Vietnamese dishes, mi xao bo is made by tossing noodles with beef, garlic, onions, and vegetables. The dish is seasoned with fish sauce and soy sauce, creating a rich and savory combination. It’s a popular comfort food that can be found at many bia hoi establishments across Hanoi, especially around Tầng Bạch Hồ, where the dish is served with a cold beer, making it the perfect after-work snack.
38. Banh canh or bánh canh
A vibrant crab noodle soup, bánh canh is a fresh and hearty dish, similar to the well-known bún riêu but with a few distinct twists. The noodle soup is made with fresh crab and morning glory, creating a light yet flavorful broth. The noodles and crab are accompanied by a variety of herbs and vegetables, making it a perfect lunch option, especially for those craving something fresh and satisfying.
III. How to experience the traditional vietnamese dishes?
1. Visit local eateries
To experience the traditional Vietnamese dishes, there’s nothing better than enjoying meals at local eateries. Small, family-owned restaurants are where traditional recipes are preserved, offering the authentic flavors of each region. You can try regional specialties like Hanoi’s bun cha, Nam Dinh’s pho, or Saigon’s com tam. These eateries not only provide delicious meals but also offer insights into the lifestyle and culture of the local people. Don’t forget to ask locals for recommendations to discover hidden gems that aren’t listed in travel guides.
2. Attend food markets
Food markets are the perfect place to explore the diversity of Vietnamese cuisine. Markets like Ben Thanh in Ho Chi Minh City or Dong Xuan in Hanoi not only sell fresh produce but also feature countless street food stalls. Here, you can sample a variety of dishes like bun, pho, banh xeo, and other local specialties, all in a lively and bustling environment. It’s a great opportunity to immerse yourself in the local life, enjoy authentic street food, and interact with friendly vendors.
3. Take a cooking class
If you want to understand more about how traditional Vietnamese dishes are made, taking a cooking class is an experience you shouldn’t miss. These classes teach you how to prepare ingredients and cook iconic dishes like pho, banh cuon, or nem ran, and also share special cooking techniques from local chefs. After the class, you’ll be able to recreate Vietnamese dishes in your own kitchen, bringing the flavors of Vietnam to your home. Many cooking classes also organize local market tours, allowing you to learn how to select the best fresh ingredients.
Experiencing traditional Vietnamese food is not just about tasting the dishes, but also about gaining a deeper understanding of the culture, history, and lifestyle of the people here.
Conclusion
Explore traditional Vietnamese dishes to enjoy the most unique flavors you may have never encountered before. Vietnamese food ensures fresh, clean ingredients and is rich in nutrients.
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